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Chlorobenzene
is a colorless, mobile liquid with an almond
like odor. At ordinary temperature and pressure
chlorobenzene is unaffected by the presence
of air, moisture, or light, and upon prolonged
boiling,
shows no tendency to split off
chlorine. The chlorine atom in chlorobenzene
is unreactive at ordinary temperatures and
pressures. At moderate temperatures, chlorobenzene
is unaffected by steam, alkalis, hydrochloric
acid, and dilute sulphuric acid. Even boiling
for several hours with alcoholic KOH has
no effect on chlorobenzene. It is soluble
in all proportions in ether, chloroform,
benzene, alcohol and carbon disulphide.
It is insoluble in water. Hydrolysis, with
the formation of Phenol takes place at 450°C
to 500°C in the presence of a catalyst
or with alcoholic alkalis or with water
under pressure at high temperatures. Aniline
may be prepared by reaction with concentrated
ammonium hydroxide under pressure in the
presence of copper catalyst. Of technical
importance is the preparation of DDT by
condensation of chlorobenzene with chloral
in the presence of fuming Sulphuric Acid.
Chlorination of chlorobenzene in the presence
of a variety of catalysts produces prominently
o and p-Dichlorobenzenes isomers. Chlorobenzene
forms both binary and ternary azeotropic
mixtures with water and a number of organic
liquids.
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